![]() The lead citrate, which enhances the contrast by interacting with proteins and glycogens, will form a waterinsoluble toxic white precipitate (lead carbonate), if not used strictly under CO 2-free conditions. The uranyl acetate (UA), which enhances the contrast by interaction with lipids and proteins, forms a yellow, needle-like crystal precipitate if not used in the right concentration and if redundant UA is not removed from the section. ![]() ![]() Besides manual handling, especially the properties of used chemicals, which can cause precipitation artefact, are the error factors. Although this technique is well known contrasting is one of the most critical steps of specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Therefore, the double contrast method of ultrathin sections on grids with uranyl acetate and lead citrate is the standard routine contrasting technique for electron microscopy.
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